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''Guerrillero Heroico'' (English: "''Heroic Guerrilla Fighter''") is an iconic photograph of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara taken by Alberto Korda. It was captured on March 5, 1960, in Havana, Cuba, at a memorial service for victims of the ''La Coubre'' explosion. By the end of the 1960s, the image, in conjunction with Guevara's subsequent actions and eventual execution, helped solidify the charismatic and controversial leader as a cultural icon.〔(Communists, Capitalists still buy into Iconic Che Photo, Author says ) by Brian Byrnes, ''CNN'', May 5, 2009〕 Korda has said that at the moment he shot the picture, he was drawn to Guevara's facial expression, which showed "absolute implacability"〔''Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life'', by Jon Lee Anderson, 1997, pg 465〕 as well as anger and pain.〔''Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon'', by Trisha Ziff, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 15〕 Years later, Korda would say that the photo showed Che's firm and stoic character.〔"Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon", by Trisha Ziff, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 33〕 Guevara was 31 years old at the time the photo was taken. Emphasizing the image's ubiquitous nature and wide appeal, the Maryland Institute College of Art called the picture a symbol of the 20th century and the world's most famous photo.〔Maryland Institute of Art, referenced at BBC News, "Che Guevara photographer dies", May 26, 2001. (Online at BBC News ), accessed January 4, 2006.〕 Versions of it have been painted, printed, digitized, embroidered, tattooed, silk-screened, sculpted or sketched on nearly every surface imaginable, leading the Victoria and Albert Museum to say that the photo has been reproduced more than any other image in photography. Jonathan Green, director of the UCR/California Museum of Photography, has speculated that "Korda's image has worked its way into languages around the world. It has become an alpha-numeric symbol, a hieroglyph, an instant symbol. It mysteriously reappears whenever there's a conflict. There isn’t anything else in history that serves in this way". The history and contemporary global impact of the image is the basis for the 2008 documentary ''Chevolution'', directed by Trisha Ziff,〔(DVD Review: Chevolution ) by David Van Der Haeghen, ''DVD Town'', January 16, 2010〕 along with the 2009 book ''Che's Afterlife: The Legacy of an Image'' by Michael Casey.〔(Brand Che: Revolutionary as Marketer’s Dream ) by Michiko Kakutani, ''The New York Times'', April 20, 2009〕 == Origins == On March 4, 1960, the French freighter ''La Coubre'' suspiciously exploded in Havana Harbor, killing up to 100 people and injuring several hundred more.〔''Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life'', by Jon Lee Anderson, 1997, pg 442〕 Upon hearing the blast, Guevara rushed to the harbor to board the burning ship, angrily forcing his way past those concerned for his safety following a secondary explosion.〔 The following day on March 5, President Fidel Castro blamed the U.S. CIA and called for a memorial service and mass demonstration at Havana's Colón Cemetery, to honor the victims.〔 At the time, Guevara was Minister of Industry in the new government, and Korda was Castro's official photographer. After a funeral march along the seafront boulevard known as Malecón, Fidel Castro gave a eulogy for the fallen at a stage on 23rd street.〔(Obit: Alberto Korda ) The Times, May 28, 2001〕 Castro gave a fiery speech, using the words ''"Patria o Muerte"'' ("Homeland or Death") for the first time.〔 Meanwhile, at 11:20 am, Guevara came into view for a few seconds. Korda snapped just two frames of him from a distance of about before he disappeared from sight.〔 Korda immediately realised his photograph had the attributes of a portrait. Later, Korda said of this photograph, "I remember it as if it were today … seeing him framed in the viewfinder, with that expression. I am still startled by the impact … it shakes me so powerfully".〔 During the rally, Korda took pictures of Cuban dignitaries and famous French existentialist philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, both admirers of Guevara at the time. Included in the film roll were shots of all the speakers and two pictures of Che's brief appearance. The classic picture appears on frame number 40 shot horizontally.〔("El Guerrillero Heroico (1960)" ) by Emilio Brizzi, On Photography And More, February 5, 2007〕 The first photo had Guevara framed alone between an anonymous silhouette and a palm tree; the second with someone's head appearing above his shoulder. The first picture, with the intruding material cropped out, became Guevara's most famous portrait. The editor of ''Revolución'' where Korda worked, decided to use only his shots of Castro, Sartre, and Beauvoir, while sending the Che shot back to Korda. Believing the image was powerful, Korda made a cropped version for himself, which he enlarged and hung on his wall next to a portrait of the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda,〔(Iconic Photo of Che Guevara Now Half a Century Old ) by the ''Latin American Herald Tribune'', March 5, 2010〕 and also gave copies to some others as a gift. It was not until 1986 that José Figueroa, an established photographer in his own right who printed for Korda and was his unofficially "adopted" son, suggested they try printing the full frame version of the portrait. Korda continued to print both versions of the image up until his death.〔(Introduction: Korda's Che Moves Out into the World ) by Trisha Ziff, January 2005〕 To take the photo, Korda used a Leica M2 with a 90 mm lens, loaded with Kodak Plus-X pan film. In speaking about the method, Korda remarked that "this photograph is not the product of knowledge or technique. It was really coincidence, pure luck."〔(Alberto Korda at The Art History Archive ) by Brandi Leigh, November 2007〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guerrillero Heroico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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